Ecofeminism. What is it?

Air pollution, deforestation, species extinction, floods, fires, and soil degradation are words we are used to hearing daily. A few decades ago, these phenomena were a distant scenario, but today they are a sad reality and represent a great threat to the planet. 

Another topic with which we are quite familiar is women's rights and gender equality. Despite the advances and achievements that have been noted recently, men still have more opportunities, higher incomes, more rights, and fewer obligations than women.

To bring together these two very relevant themes, the concept of ecofeminism emerged. Have you heard of it? Although this term may seem new to most people, it originated in 1974, when the French feminist Francoise d’Eaubonne published the book “Le Feminism ou la Mort,” which in Portuguese means Feminism or Death.

Ecofeminism is defined as one of the strands of the feminist movement that links the fight for equality of rights and opportunities between men and women and the defense of the environment and its preservation.

This movement arises because, although women are much less responsible than men for the environmental impacts on the planet, as they usually earn and consume less than men, they suffer more from the consequences and fight more for change, according to studies conducted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. This gender inequality in the areas of sustainability and climate change is still quite noticeable in the following ways:

• The underrepresentation of women in decision-making institutions related to the environment;
• Gender inequality in adaptation and mitigation strategies;
• Gender differences in the effects of climate change;

To motivate you to take the initiative in this field, get to know three of the women who had (and have) a fundamental role in the fight for our planet!

RACHEL CARSON (1907-1964)

In 1962, Rachel Carson, an American marine biologist, published Silent Spring - a work that opened our eyes to the dangers of using pesticides and contributed to the awakening of environmental awareness. Thanks to her, the Earth Day also began to be celebrated and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was created.

WANGARI MAATHAI (1940-2011)

Wangari Maathai was the founder of the Green Belt Movement and, from a very early age, her life was full of historic achievements. Born in Nyeri, a rural area of Kenya, Maathai graduated in Biological Sciences in Kansas. She earned a Master's degree in Science at the University of Pittsburgh and became the first woman from Central Africa to complete a Doctorate degree. Maathai was also the first African woman to receive a Nobel Peace Prize, in 2004. The Green Belt Movement, which has already planted more than 51 million trees in Kenya to combat deforestation, was created with the aim of strengthening rural communities, especially women, to fight for climate change, education, and female empowerment.

Greta Thunberg (2003 - present)

Greta Thunberg is a young Swedish activist who started an international movement to fight against climate change. Alone and with the phrase “School strike for climate” handwritten on a poster, Greta began skipping classes on Fridays and protesting at the door of the Swedish Parliament. Thanks to social media, her movement went viral and influenced millions of young people to organize protests around the globe.

In 2018 and 2019 she traveled the world to meet with global leaders and speak at events and assemblies, demanding climate solutions and a new commitment to the Paris Agreement. Greta attended major international events, such as the UN Climate Conference or the World Economic Forum, always traveling by alternative means to the airplane. In 2019, at only 16 years old, Greta Thunberg was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize.

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